
                        
       Virus Magazine   Box 176, Kiev 210, Ukraine      IV  1997
            
                             
                                            
                                  
           
          (C) Copyright, 1994-97, by STEALTH group WorldWide, unLtd.

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  楯   ஢୮ ⠢  SPForth 1.01
 ࠫ ⮫쪮  뢠 ᯥ䨪樨  ⥬! LightGeneral.
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FORTH,  ஢᭨ ᪠   (    ᪠ 
   : ᪠ - 1970 . (. ),  - 1971 . (. ),  -
1972 .(Bell Laboratories)),      ਨ
࠭ 襣 . 稭 ⮬   ᥣ . -,  믠 
樮 鸞 몮 ணࠬ஢,   室   ᪠ 
砫 ஬ , 祢, ࠭  ᨪ.  ᢮ 䨫䨨
  祭   ,  אַ ।   ᫮.  -
, 祬  㣨,   ( ⢥ ࠬ⠬  
ࠧ   ⮪),     㣮 鸞. ⮬ ணࠬ 뫨
ᮢ襭  ⮢    " "   ᤥ ⮣.
஬ ⮣,  ᬮ   ᢮  ⮫쪮   ᮭ -
஢    ⮬   ࠤ樮 몠, ᯥ譮 ࠧ騬-
   ଠ.  ⮢ - ࢠ 稭. -,
⢨ ࠭஢  ଠ樨.  㢠  ணࠬ (
।  ,    ᢮ ⥫ﬨ) ⠪ אַ   : ᫨
   ⢨⥫쭮 訬 몮, , 祢, ⢮  ࠭-
 Turbo Forth  Borland Forth... ,  ᫨    প
㯭 ,      祣. ࠭  Borland -
 ᮢ襭 㦥 訬 㢠 (    ,   
 ,   TP 6.0,  C++,  Turbo Prolog),  㦥  ⥯  -
     ᯥ  ?!   ,  (
) GraForth    ஥ ⭮襭  ଥ Borland Inc. (
类 砥    ᫥騬 : Lutus P. GraFORTH.
User Manual. Borland Inc.).  ᪮ GraForth'   , Turbo Forth
⮦  । - 쬨  ஬ SP-FORTH     -
ਬ  , ८  ᪮॥  , ᪮
"னண" ᮢᥬ  Borland,      .  ,  
猪 ঠ  㪠  ..࠭  ..㭮 "  
 ॠ樨" (    竨   ࠭ 42)    
ந    ⫥.      ४-
     ⥫쭮 , ,  ⠭ 
   "ࠧ⮣ ஠ᥬ".   砥,   -
 ⢠,    몮, ᯥ ਬ ண
祭 ப:  ᢮ ६ ணࠬ   ࠢ﫨 묨 ,
᪠訬 "⠭", ⥫᪮  ..; ᯥ⭠ ⥬, ᠭ 
, ᪠ ࠢ  㤮  General Electric; GraForth
ࠢ 嬥୮ 䨪   IBM PC/XT/AT     祭 
몮, 㤮⮨   饭묨 " ⠫" -   (, 
஢७ ,   ⮭) ᮧ -, ਭ-
騥 ,  த 設 .    ᨨ 
( ..  IBM PC - PolyForth  Forth Inc.,  ⠪ 頥
" ⠫"), 祣  ࡮-᪠  ᪠.
       墠  ,   ⠭ ணࠬ஢   
 ,  ᢮   㡥,      㪨 
  㤮 㬥਩,  ஬  ਢ몫, ࠡ  ࡮-᪠-
  ,  㤥 ᮢ襭 ࠢ.    ⢮ ᫥-
騥 : 1) । ணࠬ஢ ( 㤮 ।
⥪⮢ ணࠬ, 㤮 ।⢠ ⫠, ஥ ।⢠ , 䠩-
 ⥬); 2) ᮡ⢥ ࠭ ,    ।-
  ᮧ ண, ⭮, 㤮  ᯮ짮 ᨬ-
 ணࠬ த; 3) 让  㫥 (⥪), 
।⢠   ࠡ  묨 ਪ묨 砬 (䨪 
..); 4)   ।⢠  ࠡ  ᯮ짮  孮-
 ணࠬ஢, ""  ⢨⥫쭮 㤮, ⠪  쥪⭮-
ਥ஢ ணࠬ஢ (筮      ⨫  ᥩ
 , ᫨    ⢥म 㡥  ⮬,   㤠 ਬ 
ࠡ     ਥ,    㦥 ਢ, ணࠬ  Turbo Vi-
sion). ᬥ ,  㦥  "૨" ( 6   -
ਠ) -  ⥫쭮  ᫥ ⥩, 
  ⠢      "னண-", 筮 
   ᠬ,  ⮬ ᢮ ॡ⥩  ᮢ ( ᤥ 
॥  ⢥, 祬  ࠤ樮 몠).    ᮢ襭
 拉  ணࠬ஢. ᫨   ⮢  ᢮ ਢ窨
 ணࠬ஢,  ᫨      㤮⢮﫨 -
 C++  ᪠,    頫 ࠧࠦ  ⮫  
࠭祭ﬨ, ᫨   ࡮ ᪠  ,    
ணࠬ஢ ᫠, ⠢  ᢮ 訡  ᮢ  ࠭-
, ᫨   ⠥ ணࠬ஢ ⢮,   襥 㦥 
ᯮᮡ,        ⫨筮 ஦   㣠.

                           ⪨ 

     㯮 ⪮   ᯮ짮  
⥪     । ࠬ஢  ᫥  "⭠
᪠ "  ணࠬ஢ ᫥ ( ⮩ ⭮ ᪮
  ᥩ ࠪ᪨ , ..  ᯮ -  祭
㤮 -   -61  -52,  ).  ਢ 
宩 ⠥ ணࠬ, .. 樨  ⥪ 㤭 ᫥.
,  ᮬ,    ணࠬ⮢ 祭 ᨫ "㣨-
騬 ।⢮",    ⥪ ஡ 墠⠥.   ⮪
  ⠪  ,   ணࠬ஢   ⥪ 
 㤮 ன .  㣮 ஭ ⥪   २⢠,
ᮡ  ணࠬ஢ ४ᨢ ⬮. ஬ ⮣, ⥪ -
 ᯮ  । ࠬ஢ 楤ࠬ ࠪ᪨   -
 ࠭ ( ..  ࡮ ᪠), ⮫쪮   ,
  ⮫쪮  ᥬ஢ ⮢ ணࠬ (  push
bp, mov bp,sp  㯠  ࠬࠬ  ⥪ ⮨  砫 ࠪ᪨
 楤 ᪠,    楤  ࠬ 㡨 -
 ret <n>).    । ᤥ ,   ࠭祭
 ⨬樨 (祫   ⨬樨   
 ᥭ, 祬 ᠬ "㬭" ࠭) - ࠧ   ? ᫨ 
    ਬ  ⥪   䨪᭮ (⭮ ᪮)
,   ।⠢      ⮩ -
樨, -  ⮬,  ᯮ짮  ६  䨪 
 , ஡ ᪠  [1].
   㣮 祢 ⮪, 筥 ࠭祭,  -  ࠡ 
᭮ ࠭⢥ 쥬 ᥣ 64,    ᮣ  -
訬 쥬  ᮢ६ . -  ८  ࠭-
祭,   ।⢠   ८.   ⮪,
    - ਢ⥫ - ஭: 襭 ⭮
 த⢨ ணࠬ. ࠤ樮  ᪠ " 맮"
( call far, 騥 5 ) ।⠢   ᥣ 
⠬  ⮬ .      32-ࠧ來 ᨨ
- ( ࠡ  4-묨 ᠬ),  ᫨    㤠
  ।   64  ,  筮     ⠪
.    ௠  64  ᫥騬 -
稭: 1)  ஦ 쬠   ,   襬 ⨫
ணࠬ஢ 쪠 ணࠬ  60 㤥  祭 訬
ﬨ; 2) ⠪  ( ઠ ) ணࠬ  
⮫쪮  祭 訩 ணࠬ (  ﭨ 㤥ঠ  
ணࠬ  ),  祭 宩 ணࠬ (   稨
  ন  ᭮ ࠭⢥  । ᯮ㥬 -
,  १, 筮, 쥬 ணࠬ  ࠧ). 
祭 ,    ﭨ ᠬ   ஡,  祭 ,
   ४ ணࠬ஢  . த⢨ ணࠬ
ࠪ᪨  ᭨, ᫨ । ᯮ㥬    ணࠬ
㦠 ⮫쪮   室, -   । 
ன ࠡ  ᪠. ஬ ⮣,    ࠧ ᥣ  -
 ६ ᪮쪮 ணࠬ, ᠭ  , -
   뢠  㣨 । ᥣ⭮ , ।-
⠢塞 -⮬.    ᮤঠ  ᫮  쥬
 6,   ,      ᫨誮 ⥫-
,   ⮣    ॠ 筮. 3) 
ணࠬ   㯯 ணࠬ⮢, ࠡ  ᮢ
஥⮬ -  ⮬ 砥   ணࠬ  ᢮  
 ⮭ -ணࠬ (믮 䠩 ⨯ COM),  ⥬ -
   । .
   , ᫥    ⢥, ࠭祭 , ஥
 ᫨誮 ࠣ -   ⢨ ⠭ ।
 ࠡ  ⢥ 䬥⨪ ( ଠ  饩 窮). 
ਢ筮  "⮣ ᬥ⭮"  ⠢   㯨.    -
 ,    ⢥ 䬥⨪   ? -
 ࠭ ,  襭 ன ࠤ樮 ਬ
ଠ  饩 窮 - 壠᪨ .   ᮢᥬ  ᫮, 
  ⭥  ॥ (.. ⢨  楫묨 ᫠ -
 ஬  ॥, 祬  ⢥묨,   -
稨 ᮯ) 蠥 ।⢠ , ᫨    ,
   㦭  ⠢   뢮 १⮢  ࠭. 
 ࠭,  筮 砥  ᮪.     
ࠡ  楫᫥ 䬥⨪ ࠢ  ப, 祬  ࠤ-
 몠 ணࠬ஢.     㣨  ᫨⥫-
  祭    [2].  ⥬   ⥪  ࠡ-
  ⢥ 䬥⨪ ⠥ ⠭ ७ , 
⠪ ⥪ 㤥 ࠭ 襩 ମ  ᫥ 㣨 -
७.
     ⪠  ( ) ᪮॥  ⪨
襣  㬠,  ᯮᮡ  ன 樨. ணࠬ 
  ᪮ 㤥    ⪠ ,  㢥७, 
⨭ 㤮⢨  ᯮ짮  ࠭祭 ⥩.

                  㯭   ᨨ 

    ⠥  ⥪  ᠭ   䠩 SP-HELPF.TXT  
祭  ଠ  -. ᪮ 祡  ஡ -
 ணࠬ   ᯫ⭮ ࠭塞   室,
 ४  ० ᥣ   "ࢮ筨", ᫥
,  ⥬       㬥樥.
    ᫥   , 襤訥  ਨ 襣  
祭 1988-92 . (,   㤠   ,  
    ᥩ  㪮):
   1. ࠭ .., 㭮 ..     ॠ樨. -.: 設-
஥, 1988. 160 .  ᠬ ࢮ 㯭ࠦ ᠭ 몠 ,
襤襥  襩 ࠭, ,   , ᠬ 襥, ᬮ  ᪮-
 쥧 訡  ⥪ ணࠬ. ⫨筮 ᠭ ⮭ ॠ樨
( 室   ᯥ譮 ணࠬ஢  )  
襥   孨 ணࠬ஢. ,  ⮩  -
   . ᬮ   ⮨⢠  ,  祭
ୠ  ᨮ ணࠬ⮢,   ࠪ᪨  :
 ᠭ  祭 "㡥⥫쭮",  猪 設⢮ ⥫
  竨   ,    . ᠭ 孨
쥪⭮-ਥ஢ ணࠬ஢  ,    ᠥ
 , ..   ࠤ樮   ⨩ ᢮,  ஬, -
. ⢥ 㯭 襥 ᠭ "" ⠭ FORTH-83.
   2. 㤨 . 砫  ணࠬ஢  몥 . -.: 
 ⨪, 1989. 襥   ணࠬ஢  ,  ᮦ-
 ਥ஢   ⠭ FIG-FORTH ( ⢥ ⫨).
  㤠    , ..  稫   祭 -
⪨ ਮ,    ᥩ  (,  类 砥). 
 -⠪ 祭 ४       .
   3.  .. ணࠬ஢  몥 . -.:   , 1991.
 ,   [1] ⭮   ࠭    -
ୠ. ,   ਥ஢   ⠭ FORTH-79  FIG-
FORTH.    " ਭ",   ⮨⢠ ,   -
,  筮 .  ᬮ  ,   㤥 祭
 :   ᮤন   ,   ⮬  ⠬ 
 室 ⥪ -, ᠭ ..   IBM PC ᮢ-
⨬ 設, ..,   ⥪   設  ࠭᫨஢ 
  ஠ᥬ,   ࠡᯮᮡ   , -
,  ࠢ   -.  諠  , -
  ⢮,       -, ᫨  - 
ࠢ.   ⥪ -  ⨫   ,   -
쪮 ᮢ ॡ  , ⮡ ࠢ ஬ ⢮ -
 (  ⮩ ,      ணࠬ஢, ।-
筮). ࠪ᪨ 諮 ⢥  ।, ⮡ ⠢
ࠡ. - ᮮ⢥ ⠭ FIG-FORTH, 쥬 䠩  -
 ᫮६, 뢠騬  250 ᫮, ਬ୮ 7.5 ( - ᮮ-
⢥ 220  5.6,  ᫨ 뢠  ᫮,  㦠 ⮬-
᪨   -,  >250  6.7),  ॠ樨 ਬ ᢥ-
   - ..    - (⥫⢠, -
  , .   11 -). 쭮  쥬 -
ᨬ ணࠬ  -   樮쭮 ᯮ ⥬
஢ ⠢  10,  - 쥬 ⮢ ணࠬ (COM-䠩-
)    6. ஬ ⮣,   㬥 
ᯮ짮 ⠭ ᫮  室   㭪樨  室-
 ⥪. 祬,  㪠뢠,   ⮩ ᨨ ॡ ᮢ-
⨬   묨 ﬨ   , ⮬ 饭 
᭨.
   4. .ᥭ, . ஥஢  ணࠬ ॠ ᯥ
⥬  ᮭ . -.:   ⨪, 1990 . 祭 -
  ਪ᪨ ஢ (ਣ   1986 .), 饭 -
 ⥬.   (⠭ FORTH-83) ᬠਢ   ⮫쪮
 ।⢮ ࠧࠡ⪨ ᯥ ⥬  ⥬ ᯮ ࠧ. 
    ᭮ ணࠬ஢  . ४ ਬ ਬ-
   襭 , 㤭 ॠ㥬  ᯮ짮 ࠤ樮-
 몮.  ᯮᮡ ७ ⠭⭮  㤮묨 ।⢠-
 ࠡ⪨ ᯨ᪮ ᯠ  ।⢠ ᪮ 뢮 ஫, 祭-
 "ਤ" ᯮ  ᠭ 窨 ᯥ⭮ ⥬ ( -
⭮, ,   ஫  ᭮묨 몠 ணࠬ஢ 
⢥ ⥫).  ᮦ,    訡,  ⢮ -
ॢ  । .   ,  祭 ४  
    ,  ᫨   祭  ᯥ -
⥬  ᯮ ࠧ.  ਬ, ਢ  ,  ⮬ ᫥
⥪ ணࠬ, ॠ ᯥ ⥬, ᠭ  -83, -
   뢠   -, ⥬ ,  -  -
   楤 (᫮)  ᪮ 몥,   ᤥ  .
  ⠪ ᠭ ।⢠ 쥪⭮-ਥ஢ ணࠬ஢
⠭⭮  (  砥   ᢮ ).

    ᪠   㣨  ,  묨  ࠭  -
. ࠧ ⬥,   IBM PC    "쥬"   ࠭
, ஬ -   , ⠫     (   㦥
㯮)  ⠫  㬥 ஔ ( ⮩ ᨨ ࠧ
ᮡ).   ॡ⥫  , ⮬  ॠ   
᪫祭 ,  譨.   譨     ࠡ⠫
 :   "FORTH-FSTB",   ᮡ⢥筮 ᠫ  -86
   (⮫쪮  㢫   [1],      -
 ᢮ ᨨ ),  ᯮ짮 ணࠬ   ( -
 ⥭, 祬 אַ  ,    த騩  
 );  ஡  ࠭஬  ॢ室 
祭 ࠭    쬨ࠧ來 ஬ 58080
 580 ᨨ 6.3, ᠭ 祭 묨 㧨⠬   
(  , -   騬 "⮬"
) ..ਫ, ..㡮祬  ..㭮.   - 襥,
  ४ 짮⥫   580- .
쨬 ⠭  ⮬ ⠫ FIG-FORTH  ୮ 譥 -
 "",  ᥬ ਧ   ,   ࠤ 
⢨ 㬥樨.
     -  IBM PC:      (  稫 -
࠭, .. ⠢,  ᥩ ,  ⮩  ஢),
  㤠    㬥,  ன     㤨.
 १砩 魠 ,    ४  ୠ⨢ -
, ᫨  ᬮ  - 㯨.  祭 宦   580  
⮬ ᢥ ਧ  ᤥ ஦ 뢮,     
 .   ⮫쪮 ,    ॠ ᪠- ।-
  쥪⭮-ਥ஢ ணࠬ஢,  㦤  ⮬  뫮,
..  ⮣    ᢮ ⫨ ।⢠, ᮮ⢥騥 
,  ஢   ࡮-᪠ -  쭮 ࠭ 襭.
  砥,        室  .
     -⮬  ࠫ   祭  ࠧࠡ⪨
࠭஢ , ਥ  ࠧࠡ⪥ ० ᥣ  ⠭
FORTH-83   ७  ࠧ  580.  㢫祭 ⮬ 580 
  ᪠  ᥩ  - (  ⢮ ⥪-
⮢  -।)   ,  ᪠ ⥫ -
. ᫨  ࠡ⠫ -   580   㣮 ⠭⭮
,     㤥  ஡  室  -:  ⮫쪮
  㤮 .


          २⢠   ࠢ  ࠤ樮묨 몠

   ࢮ  ᠬ :  祭  塞 .   ।-
⢠, ।塞 ணࠬ⮬,   ᫮   ᯮ -
ࠢ  ⠫묨 (⠭묨)  ।⢠.  " ",   
⭮  ⠭,    ७.   ᢮ ᨨ
⠭ ᫮, ਬ,  IF  KEY, (४ ⮤,  ᪠-
   ணࠬ)   ⮬᪨ 筥 ᯮ짮 
쭥襩 ࠡ    "᢮" ⠭⭮   ,  
㤥    ⮣     ,   㤥 -
 "ࠧ襭" ᯮ짮 .  ⮬ 䨧   ୥.
⮢ ணࠬ   (COM-䠩  砥 -) , ᫨  ⮬
 ९, ᮤঠ  ᥡ  ।⢠ ࠭樨  
ணࠬ஢  : ࠪ᪨    㪨 筮 짮-
    ।⢠, 묨 짮 ᠬ  ࠧࠡ⪥ ணࠬ.
  ᨬ, ⨦  㣨 몠,  ணࠬ,
 ன  㦤 짮⥫. ஢ ணࠬ 
 ࠭  ᪥   SAVE-SYSTEM,   
쭥襩 䨪樨.  ࠧ ⯠ 室 ᯮ짮
  䠩 䨣樨  䠩 ᮢ,   ਭ  ࠤ-
樮 ணࠬ஢.  㦭 ,   砥 ᮯ஢
ணࠬ த.   ६,   ணࠬ  ᪠   ࠪ-
᪨  -      ࠡ ᠬ ᥡ - ᨬ, 
  ᯮᮡ,  த  쥪  묨 ⮤  
 䠩 ᮢ (   㤮 !)  ⮤ (    "ᮢ"
ணࠬ  㦥 ᠭ ணࠬ⮬)      -
⥩  쬠 㤭 ।⢠ (ਬ,  쥪 ஦
 ࡮ ᪠ ⮫쪮 㭪樥 New,  祬 ), -   
- ࠭祭: ணࠬ   "ᠬ ᥡ"; 뢠  ᪠
   (  室 ⮪)  ,  , 祬
 ,    室 ⮪   ࠧ 믮, ⠪ 
஢  ᯮ짮 ࠧ  (אַ  㧪 !)   -
襬  ࠢࠢ  ணࠬ; ணࠬ   㤠  ᢮-
     , 祬   㯠 㤠 㣮  -
  -  室 ⥪      設 .   ॠ-
樨    ⥩   ( ⮬ 筮 ⠭⭮ -
 쥬  6 !)   ।.
    ᪠ "...... 믮"   訡,  , ண -
,   ⠪   ( 筮  ):  ⠭
 ६, ।塞   ᫮ CONSTANT  VARIABLE,  ᨢ,
 믮  ⢨.  CREATE ... DOES> (<BUILD...DOES>
  ), ।   ६ ⢨  , -
   "ᯮ " (   ஦  1971 .),  ᥩ-
   ९      ४ 㬭 ᫮ "-
". , 䨧 ( ஬ 뫮 ᪠ )  ᫥-
 ( ஬ 㤥 ᪠ )  "६ ⠬" 襩
ᥩ 孮 ணࠬ஢, 뢠 "쥪⭮ ਥ஢
ணࠬ஢". 㬠   , ᮧ  20   ᢮
,     ஫ " " ॡ묨
  12-15 ,  ⮬  "ᯫ" ᮢ襭  㣮  
   !    न,   㮧 । -
ࠬ஢   ⠪  ⠫ ॢ.  ⮩ ਬ:
    ᪠   ++  ᥬ⨪ ⠭  ਮ -
 ? - ਬ, ⠢  ⠭ ( ⮨    -
 㫥) 뤠 ᫮ 6  5,      ᪠ (-
  ६ ᫥  ⠢ ⠭  ᠬ ᥡ  -
!), ,  ᮢᥬ  , 믮 - ᮢᥬ "-
஭" ⢨   ⮬ ࠢ  ⮩ 㫥 ,  ॡ 
 ᫥ - - ᫮.   ᤥ ⮣  ࠤ樮 몠,
   ᮮ⢥ ணࠬ , , ᥣ  . -
  ⮬,  䨧 ( ନ 쥪⭮ ਥ஢ ணࠬ-
)   ࠭  ࠢ ⥯   ,   楤
(..    - ⠪  ࠢࠢ 楤).  䨧 ࠧ-
 筮 "࠭" ( ⠯ 樨)  "" ( ⠯ 믮-
) 뢠:  , 筮,   ,  㣮, 祬, ᫨  ࡮
᪠ (     몠,    ᫥   ।-
  প ) ⨯ 䨧  ⪮  ⠯ 樨 
   ᫮ virtual  ᠭ 楤,     -
     :  ᫮-楤  ४ 
 ६, ᪨  ᪨.   ⮫ ப ,
 ᫨,     , "ࠤ樮 ணࠬ" ࠧ
 -         ணࠬ஢,  
᪮ 㤥 ᯮ ᪠    謠 ᮭ.
   ᫥, ⨩  , ४᭮ ॠ     ⠪
뢠 "⥪ ᫮३" ( ⢥ 砩,    
 ⨥ 뢠    "", 祬 ਭ  ). -
  ᫮ 쥪⮬,   ᫮, ।  
᫮ VOCABULARY, 㤥  ⮬  㤥 ᫥  ⮤ ( -
,   ,   ).  ᨫ쭮   ࡮ -
,   ⫨稥  , 쥪   ᪮쪮 । (⢥-
 ᫥,   C++).  ⮣,   ⮤, ᯮ㥬
  쥪,   㪠 쥪-宧鶴, 㪠   (
⥪᭮ ᫮). 쥪-⮬ ""  ⮤    ⢨ -
  ᢮ ।,   "୥" 쥪   FORTH ( 
 ᫮ ),    ᯮ짮.  ⮬ 砥  ।
  㪠뢠,  㦭 ⮫쪮   ᫥ - ,
ਬ,   த⥫᪨ ᫮ (쥪)  ⮤    ⥬
 . 祬    ⮬  ᫮ (쥪)   ᫮ (-
), ४뢠騥 ᠬ ᥡ (ᠭ 䨧  㦥 뫮 ).
       ਬ⨢ 蠡 ᯮ짮-
 । , 뢠  ࡮ ᪠  ++ ( ࠤ ࠢ-
  ⬥,     ४묨 㬥⠬, 
 -  蠣  ।, (, FORTH ⠪  ॢ - "।")).
⥪ ᫮ -    ᯮᮡ ॠ樨 ᫥  ,
     ன, ᮢ襭 㣮 (ਭ樯쭮 㣮 !), 
  뢠 樠樨  㦥 묨 ᯮᮡ:  ॠ ᫥-
     㤮⢥ ᫮ CREATE...DOES>.  
ࠢ ᫥   ⮤,    쭮 ⠡ 
஢ ᫮३,   ⭮ ⠡ -  ஢ ᫮ (楤   -
): ᫮ (楤),  ஬ ⨫  CREATE...DOES>..,
⠭ ᯮᮡ ᠬ ஢  ᫮ (  ᫮ ⮦  ᥬ
᭮ﬨ   쥪⮬, 筥 ஬ 쥪,  ନ-
  ࡮ ᪠)       ( ᠭ ᫥
CREATE)  ⮤   (⮤ ᠭ ᫥ DOES>). 祬,  ⮬ -
砥   쥪   ᢮ ᢮ ,  ⫨稥 
 ᥣ 㤮 㪠⥫ ᪠   ( ⮬   ࠡ  
㪠⥫ﬨ -    ᮫⭮  ࠭祭 !).  ⮩
 ᠬ ᪨ ਬ 쥪   (     -
 ନ "쥪") -  ⠭⭮ ᫮  CONSTANT, ஥ -
  ᠭ ⠭ (஢ 쥪 CONSTANT),  ॠ-
 ୮:  : CONSTANT CREATE , DOES> @ ;   ⥯  믮
 ணࠬ ⢨ 10 CONSTANT TEN । ⠭ TEN  祭
10.  ⠭, । १  ᫮ CONSTANT,  ᯮ짮
⢥ 騩 ⮤ "@",  ᮡ⢥  㤥  ⠭ 
⥪, ⠢   , ନ஢ ᫮ "," ().  DOES>
 CREATE,    ᯮ  , ᮢ襭 ᨬ 
   ᯮ  ⤥쭮.  ᠭ ।⢠
ᮧ 쥪⮢   ᮧ  ,  ⮫쪮 
਩   祫,  ⮬ ᫥  ⠪,     ਤ㬠
 ⥫  ନ.
    ᠭ    ⮨ ,     -
   ਥ ,  襬 砥, 㤨 :   -
,   ஬ ठ ணࠬ⮢ 諠  ⮣ ४᭮ -
, 㦥   ⮫쪮 ࠧ稢, -  ࠪ᪨  ᨮ-
 ணࠬ    ணࠬ  ++, , " ࠩ 砥"
 ࡮ ᪠  ᥬ.  ᥡ, 祬   1988 , 
    㪨  [1], ⠫   ,  㡫,
  ⭮   (筮  ⮣ 㯨  ⠪), .. ᫮
""   祬  ਫ;     㯨 ,   ⮫쪮 -
 ஫⠫ (⠪ ᤥ 設⢮), ᪠ ᥡ:    ࡮ -
,    筮. 㤭 뫮  ""  㬭 ४ 
⢨⥫ ⮨⢠ ࠭஢  Borland, ⥬ ,  
࠭ ᠬ 뫨   㪨,    ᯫ⭮ ᠬ ᢥ-
 ᨨ,   ࠪ᪨     뫮.  ⠢  Bor-
land International, Inc., ࠭  1983  GraForth . ,
᫥⢨   -   ⭮, ⭮   ᬮ 㦨
  뫮   ࠤ樮 ᪠,   , GraForth 
筮 .
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